![]() They are oxidised by primary oxidant radicals such as hydroxyl radicals (OH), chlorine (Cl), and nitrate (NO 3) in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO x) and sunlight andĬan lead to the formation of ozone near the surface (Atkinson et al., 2004 Ĭarter, 1994a) and also secondary oxygenated volatile organic compounds Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (Hallquist et al., 2009). The NMVOCs in the atmosphere act as precursors of ozone (O 3) and NMVOCs like benzene, acrolein, and aromatic amines areĬarcinogens subject to long-term exposure (WHO, 2021 Balakrishnan et al.,Ģ015). Exposure (inhalation or direct contact) to high levels of NMVOCs can produce multiple chronic and acute health effects on humans, including nose, eye, throat, and liver irritation. Have a half-life ranging from hours to months (Atkinson, 2000). (direct and indirect) on human health and the environment. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) are carbon-containing The insights from the study would help various stakeholders to manage primary and secondary pollutants within the city. O 3) formation in the city of Lucknow during winter and summer. ![]() The study is the first attempt to highlight the sources of NMVOCs and their contribution to secondary pollutant (SOA and Temperature during summer leads to more volatilisation of oxygenated VOCs, Significant differences in the composition of the two solid fuel combustions indicate the influence of localĮmissions and transport of regional pollution to the city. Interestingly, the traffic factor was the second-highest contributor to the total NMVOCs, and compounds related to this factor had a high ozone formation potential. Solid fuel combustion (SFCs 1 and 2) were the dominant contributors to the total NMVOCs, and compounds related to these factors had a high secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential. Volatile chemical products (VCPs) (16.6 %). Traffic (23.5 %), two solid fuel combustion factors, SFC 1 (28.1 %) and SFC 2 (13.2 %), secondary volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) (18.6 %), and It resolves the five main sourcesĬontributing to these organic compounds in the atmosphere. ![]() An advanced multi-linear engine (ME-2) model was used to perform the NMVOC source apportionment using positive matrix factorisation (PMF). Species, 5–15 times higher than the other species. Acetaldehyde, acetone, and acetic acid were the major NMVOC The oxygenated volatile organic compounds and aromatics were the dominant VOCįamilies, accounting for ∼ 57 %–80 % of the total NMVOC concentrations. NMVOC daily average concentrations were about ∼ 30 % higher during the winter months (December–February) than in summer (March–May). The campaignĭaily mean concentrations of the NMVOCs were 125.5 ± 37.5 ppbv. Non-aromatics, oxygenates, and nitrogen-containing compounds. About ∼ 173 NMVOCs from m / z 31.018 toġ97.216 were measured during the study period, including aromatics, ![]() Time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) at an urban background site in Lucknow, the chemical characterisation of NMVOCs was performed in real time from December 2020 to May 2021. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), which are ozone and Lucknow is the capital of India's largest state, Uttar Pradesh, one of SouthĪsia's most polluted urban cities.
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